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Raw materials and Impurities
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Amino acids; Pluronic acid; Polysorbate 20 and 80; Vitamins, organic acids; Metals and salts
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ICP-MS, LC with CAD, RI, QDa, FLD, UV-Vis
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Cell culture media
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Amino acids; Vitamins; Osmolality; Trace elements; Appearance; Solubility; pH
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LC-MS, ICP-MS, HPLC, Turbidimeter, Osmometer
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Spent media and metabolomics
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Amino acids; Vitamins; Organic acids; Fatty acids; Intermediate metabolites
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LC-MS
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Physicochemical analysis
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Particle distribution; residual moisture; loss on drying; TOC; Metals (K, Na, Fe, Mg, Ca, etc.); Trace elements (Cu, Mn, Zn, etc.)
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Oven, Karl-Fischer, ICP-MS, TOC analyzer, Laser Particle Size Analyzer
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Protein product quality attributes
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SEC, AEX, CEX, RP, HIC, CE-SDS (reduced and non-reduced), iCIEF, cIEF, extinction coefficient, molecular weight by LC-MS, glycosylation
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HPLC, PA800, Maurice, LC-MS, LC-FLD
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Antibody potency
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Bioactivity; Binding activity
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Cell-based assay (ADCC, CDC), ELISA, Fortebio
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Characterization analysis
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Molecular weight (intact, reduce/deglycosylation), N/C-terminal sequence analysis, N-glycosylation site confirmation, disulfide bond analysis, PTM, sequence coverage, drug modification site, peptide mapping, isomerization analysis
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LC-MS
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Process related impurity
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Protein A; DNA; HCP; insulin; PF68
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ELISA, qPCR, LC
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Microbiological testing
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Sterility; endotoxin; mycoplasma; bioburden
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Scan RDI, Microplate reader, qPCR
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